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Category: Environment & Green Gardening

Tips for ecologically friendly gardeners and gardens that green and protect the environment.

Protecting Hostas from Slugs

Protecting Hostas from Slugs

Hostas should be renamed ‘Slug Food’

hosta

Every year my Hostas have been nibbled when young, eaten in Summer and decimated by Autumn.
Guess what I have done this year – yep I have potted them up into containers and so far so good (until the little devils learn to fly or crawl up the pot sides).
It is the little black slugs rather than the fat juicy brown slugs that do the most damage but knowing that won’t make you feel any better.

Top Tips for Protecting Hostas from Slugs

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Dead or Environmentally Friendly Grass

Dead or Environmentally Friendly Grass

Halloween grass is special and only grows one day of the year.

Dead grass

Assuming you have elected not to leave your grass to become a wild flower meadow, or a rough patch as a haven for wild life, there are still measures you can take to be environmentally friendly.

Green Watering Tips

  • Save water by selecting a tough grass mix including Rye, fine Fescues and other seeds.
  • If you must water do it thoroughly and evenly, early in the morning to avoid too much evaporation. Do not over water or water too frequently as this encourages surface roots and weak grass.
  • Use rain water caught in a water butt or grey water collected from your bath or shower.
  • Do not waste water in a drought, brown grass will recover when the rain comes.
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Winter Trees With Winter Tips

Winter Trees With Winter Tips

At the first sign of snow I walk round my trees or at least the garden they are planted in.

Snowy Winter Tips

Conifer branches were weighed down with wet snow and a cane was used to knock excess off before branches broke or were set at an ungainly angle. Some ornamental conifers can be wired up so the shape is retained.

Rock salt was not used on paths where there was any danger of ‘run off’ as the salt could poison the ground and plants.

I tried to avoid walking on lawns when the ground was frozen or covered in snow.

Birds were fed with seeds, peanuts and fat balls to help them through the winter. They will pay back by eating insects later on.

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Moss is Green and Environmentally Friendly

Moss is Green and Environmentally Friendly

Moss in the right place can look good but in your lawn it is a no-no.

Moss

Whilst I am on an environmentally friendly kick I thought I would comment on Moss.
Mosses are bryophytes and there are over 10,000 species that grow from spores. Moss can grow on rocks, roof, lawns paths and many other places. Beware raking or removing live moss as you only spreads the spores.

Sphagnum moss is a group of several hundred mosses that can decay into peat over many decades and centuries. The sphagnum peat is the dead brown moss formed in boggy conditions that have now been exploited or over exploited for peat burning and garden purposes. Use peat substitutes to protect our old peat bog environments.

Moss Facts

  • Moss traps carbon and as peat locks up carbon gasses
  • Sphagnum moss can hold 20 times its own weight in water.
  • Moss is slow to rot as it contains carbolic acid and the boggy conditions where it grows remove oxygen. It also gets its only nutrient from rain water which adds to the acidity.
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Ecology of Water in the Garden

Ecology of Water in the Garden

Watering

Why is Water Important in the Garden

  • About 90% of active plants cells are water.
  • Water is the means of a plant obtaining dissolved nutrients to feed the plant
  • Water moves chemicals and hormones from the roots of plants to the growing parts of the plant
  • Water maintains a plants health
  • The presence of water can be necessary to germinate seeds or stimulate natural growth.

Water for Plants and Trees

  • Precipitation in the form of rain, drizzle, dew, and fog all have a place in providing water
  • Hail, snow, sleet and hoar frost also provide limited amounts of water.
  • Ground water from springs underground streams and the natural water table can contribute to the soils water content.
  • Gardener introduced water augments the natural systems.
  • Irrigation is a form of transporting water through channels or pipes.
  • Foliar feeding can provide limited amounts of water via a plants leaves.
  • Watering devices, sprinklers, hosepipes and watering cans are the gardeners best friends in dry or drought conditions.

Problems Caused by Lack of Water

  • Deprived of water to transport food a plant may starve
  • Biological malfunction caused by lack of water can cause irreparable damage to a plant cells leading to loss of turgidity and death.
  • Lack of water may cause structural instability in the plant.
  • Water shortage can make a plant more susceptible to heat.

Rain Zones in the UK

  • High ground in the west of Scotland, Wales and Cumbria has the most rainfall. .
  • Cyclonic or convection rain can occur over low ground such as East Anglia but this is low in frequency and volume so flat areas have low or very low average rainfall.
  • 30″-45″ are annual average levels of rain but there are many surprises within averages. London with 25″ pa is drier than Rome or New York. Colchester can be drier than Beirut or Jerusalem
  • Thunderstorm rain can be damaging by flattening crops or causing excess splashing back off the soil. This is not zone specific.
  • In addition to volumes of rainfall the frequency or consecutive number of days without rain can be crucial. Apart form the south east most zones seldom exceed 30 days without rain and in Scotland and Ireland it rains even more regularly.

Water Retentiveness

  • Water retentiveness is crucial for a healthy trouble free garden.
  • Improved soil structure by the addition of compost and manures increases the water in the soil.
  • The addition of a top layer or mulch holds water in the soil reducing evaporation
  • Alginates like seaweed increase water retention and improve the crumb structure of the soil.
  • Retentiveness is damaged by compacted soil that water is unable to penetrate.

Gardeners Water Tips

  • Understand your plants and select them based on their need for water. How much and when are valid questions
  • Too much water can be as bad as too little so ensure you have the right drainage in your soil not a sticky mess.
  • When augmenting natural supply of water do a thorough job of watering then leave for a few days. Little and often can bring roots to the surface and not penetrate to the deeper drinking roots
  • Do not plant water hungry plants in heavy rain shadows caused by walls hedges or other plants.
  • Be aware of the prevailing wind that brings the most rain from the west.

What is in my Water

  • Oxygen and hydrogen are the elements that have combined to form water. They are not available separately except for an amount of oxygen that may have been dissolved in the H2O. Pond fish and algae need this dissolved oxygen.
  • Hard water contains dissolved mineral salts (this is what makes up the fur or limescale on a kettle). Hard water may be drawn straight from the tap in many districts of the UK where calcium and magnesium are present. This water is often detrimental to young plants.
  • Soft water has little or no dissolved mineral salts and like rain water is better for seedlings and young plants. Distilled water and ionised treated water is rendered soft by the process.
  • Sea water and brackish water contains dissolved salt (sodium chloride)that will kill most plants. It is no use in gardens.
  • Stagnant water and old water from butts will contain algae or microscopic life. I have found that this often results in moss or growth on the top of seed pots before the seeds germinate. Clean water is best for seeds and greenhouses.

 

Top ten green garden habits
See our report on ‘Organic pond habitats for green gardeners’.

Dealing With Weeds in Ponds

Dealing With Weeds in Ponds

To combat Algea, Blanket Weed and Invasive aquatic species you need to be on your guard.

Pond Weed
Pond Weed

A small wild life pond doesn’t have to be weedy in either sense. This pond in our park for example is a fairly large size. However as you can see it is ‘Weedy’ in the gardening sense.

Removing Blanket Weed

  • Oxygenating plants are the best and organic method but may fill half the pond.
  • For a small pond you can try the winding it around a stick method but roots regrow and small critters may be thrown on the compost heap with the weed.
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Best Pond Tips

Best Pond Tips

Water Lilies
If you are thinking and planning to get the best out of a new or rejuvenated pond than consider these quick tips

Design Tips

  • Design your pond so there are shelves around the edge of the pond for shallow and marginal plants. Water Lilies need to be planted at least 18″ deep.
  • If your pond has sheer sides you may want to grow marginal plants by submerging some staging (a weighed down inverted box). This can also be used as an escape route for amphibians to get out of the pond.
  • Keep good pond hygiene by preventing leaves and debris falling in the pond. Every two or three years have a good clean out reintroducing a small quantity of sludge at the bottom to get the process going again.
  • Locate the pond where you can see it preferably in a sunny position well away from any Pine trees. Koi fish need a shaded location.
  • Ornamental ponds may be best located in an elevated position to avoid run off filling the pond.

Book Cover

Planting Up

  • Plant in containers that you can hook out for plant maintenance. You can use a wire coat hanger on a stick if you use a basket with open loops. Invasive plants are constrained by the basket and you can rearrange the planting during the year.
  • Use good garden soil or special compost for planting and put a heavy layer of gravel on the top of the soil.
  • Unconfined plants can look more natural and are often wild life friendly but less showy as ypour best plants need to be containerised.
  • Consider a mix of Deepwater, Floating, Marginal and Oxygenating plants. Deepwater plants like cooler water and the floating leaves create this in a way that supports more life forms and restricts blanket weed.
  • Water hyacinth absorbs pollution particularly from fish waste. Skim off and compost excess plants as they multiply.
  • Bog plants and waterside plants are optional depending on your design and space. For a bog look in drier soil use Hostas and Bearded Iris or Iris Pallida that look like Bog Iris.

Book Cover

Cheap Perennials

Cheap Perennials

A well stocked garden is a treasure chest of potential new perennial plants. Divide clumps, take cuttings or collect seed and you can increase your bounty of hardy long lived plants to give away or replant.

Keep an eye out for new plants for your garden at reasonable prices as garden centers sell off old stock. I got 5 plants in 2 liter pots for a fiver at the weekend. It is a better form of recycling for me to renovate the plants for next year rather than see them composted.

Dianthus ‘Kahori’ is an evergreen perennial with an erect habit. Its narrow leaves are greyish-green. In summer it bears scented pink flowers with a later flush in August if deadheaded.

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Sympathy Planting and Vegetable Pollination

Sympathy Planting and Vegetable Pollination

To set fruit curcurbit vegetables need help with pollination and you can do help to do this with sympathy and a fine brush or natures way.
Coloured veg plot

Interspersing flowers that attract bees and hoverflies amongst marrows, cucumbers and courgettes will help transfer pollen from male to female flowers. No more hand pollination required.

The organic gardens at Balmoral castle leave areas of natural grass and undisturbed land to help generate more insect and pollination life.

Courgette and Egg plant

Other Vegetable Pollination Tips

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G. T.’ S Top Ten Waterside Flowering Plants

G. T.’ S Top Ten Waterside Flowering Plants

If you need a stream of ideas of plants for your waterside look no further.

For bog gardens or the streamside there are many plants that will be happy with damp roots. This is our selection of the flowering plants that will grow well in a waterside position.

Flowering Waterside Plants a Top Ten

  1. Iris is one of the most popular waterside plants with several varieties suitable for this position including, Iris ensata Gracieuse’, Iris pseudacorus and Iris sibirica ‘Silver Edge’ .
  2. Snowflake or ‘Leucojum vernum’ is much larger than its relation the snowdrop. The flowers are held on long stems that droop gracefully. It is easy to grow  and multiplies freely in most gardens provided the soil is moist enough. Plants have been known to withstand flooding and standing water so it is an ideal choice for bog gardens
  3. Ligularia The Rocket has yellow flower heads held well clear of the foliage. Very architectural with its sturdy, upright habit giving good reflection in the water.
  4. Astilbe ‘Rheinland’ or Astilbe x arendsii ‘Spinell have wonderful plumes of flowers and love the damp conditions.
  5. Lysichiton camschatcensis The Giant white arum has beautiful white, arum-like flowers which are slightly later than yellow Lysichiton americanus. With smaller leaves it is a better plant for a small pond or bog garden. Slow to establish but very hardy.
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